Identify the incorrect statement from the following.
(1) The shapes of dxy, dyz and dzx orbitals are

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Question

Identify the incorrect statement from the following.
(1) The shapes of dxy, dyz and dzx orbitals are similar to each other; and d(x2-y2) and dz2 are similar to each other.
(2) All the five 5d orbitals are different in size when compared to the respective 4d orbitals.
(3) All the five 4d orbitals have shapes similar to the respective 3d orbitals.
(4) In an atom, all the five 3d orbitals are equal in energy in free state.

Accepted Answer

Correct Answer: A - The shapes of dxy, dyz and dzx orbitals are similar to each other; and d(x2-y2) and dz2 are similar to each other.Step-by-step Solution:The five d-orbitals consist of two distinct shape groups:Group 1 (cloverleaf shape - between axes): dxy, dyz, dzx - lobes lie between the coordinate axes. These three are similar to each other - this part is correct.Group 2: dx2-y2 (lobes along x and y axes) and dz2 (lobes along z axis with a doughnut-shaped ring around the centre in the xy plane). These two are NOT similar to each other in shape - they look distinctly different. So the second part of statement A is incorrect.Why other options are correct: Option B is correct - orbitals with higher principal quantum number (n) are larger in size; 5d > 4d. Option C is correct - orbital shape depends only on the azimuthal quantum number (l); for all d-orbitals (l=2), shapes are the same regardless of n. Option D is correct - in a free atom, all five 3d orbitals are degenerate (equal energy) in the absence of any external field.Key Concepts:Five d-orbitals: dxy, dyz, dzx (lobes between axes, similar shape); dx2-y2 (lobes along x,y axes) and dz2 (lobes along z axis + ring) - these two are not similar.Size increases with increasing n (principal quantum number); shape depends only on l.Degenerate orbitals: same energy in absence of external field.

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