Once the undigested and unabsorbed substances enter the caecum, their backflow is prevented by —

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NEET is a competitive examination conducted in India. This question is from the 2023 NEET Biology paper.

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Question

Once the undigested and unabsorbed substances enter the caecum, their backflow is prevented by —

Accepted Answer

Correct Answer: A — Ileo-caecal valveStep-by-step Solution:The ileo-caecal valve (Bauhin's valve) is a one-way valve located at the junction of the terminal ileum (small intestine) and the caecum (the beginning of the large intestine). It is formed by two horizontal folds of mucous membrane. The ileo-caecal valve allows the passage of intestinal contents (chyme) from the ileum into the caecum in one direction only, and prevents backflow of colonic contents (which are rich in bacteria) into the sterile small intestine. This is important for maintaining the microbial gradient between the large and small intestines.Why other options are incorrect: Gastro-oesophageal sphincter (B) — also called the lower oesophageal sphincter (LES) or cardiac sphincter — prevents regurgitation of gastric acid into the oesophagus (prevents reflux). Pyloric sphincter (C) — located between the stomach and the duodenum — regulates the rate of gastric emptying into the small intestine. Sphincter of Oddi (D) — located at the hepatopancreatic ampulla (junction of common bile duct + pancreatic duct with duodenum) — controls the release of bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum.Key Concepts:Sphincters of the digestive tract (from top to bottom): Upper oesophageal sphincter → Lower oesophageal/cardiac sphincter → Pyloric sphincter → Sphincter of Oddi → Ileo-caecal valve → Internal and external anal sphincters.Each sphincter controls the passage of material from one segment to the next and prevents backflow.

Once the undigested and unabsorbed substances enter the caecum, their backflow is prevented by —

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Once the undigested and unabsorbed substances enter the caecum, their backflow is prevented by —

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