What are the potential drawbacks in adoption of the IVF method?
A. High fatality risk to mother
B. E

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Question

What are the potential drawbacks in adoption of the IVF method?
A. High fatality risk to mother
B. Expensive instruments and reagents
C. Husband/wife necessary for being donors
D. Less adoption of orphans
E. Not available in India
F. Possibility that the early embryo does not survive
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
(1) A, B, C, E, F only
(2) B, D, F only
(3) A, C, D, F only
(4) A, B, C, D only

Accepted Answer

Correct Answer: B — B, D, F onlyStep-by-step Solution:IVF (In Vitro Fertilization) is an Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) in which eggs are fertilized by sperm outside the body, in laboratory conditions. Evaluating each potential drawback:(A) High fatality risk to mother — FALSE: IVF is generally a safe medical procedure. While it carries some risks (ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome — OHSS in (B) Expensive instruments and reagents — TRUE: IVF requires highly specialized laboratory equipment (laminar flow chambers, CO₂ incubators, inverted microscopes, cryopreservation tanks), skilled embryologists, expensive hormonal medications (gonadotrophins for ovarian stimulation), and cell culture media. The total cost of one IVF cycle is typically USD 10,000–15,000 in developed countries (may be lower in India but still substantial), making it inaccessible to many infertile couples without insurance coverage or financial support.(C) Husband/wife necessary for being donors — FALSE: This is incorrect. IVF can use donor eggs (from another woman), donor sperm (from a sperm bank), or donor embryos. It is NOT necessary for the husband/wife to be the donors. Third-party reproduction (using donors or surrogates) is legally permitted in many countries, making this statement false as a drawback.(D) Less adoption of orphans — TRUE: This is a valid social/ethical drawback. When infertile couples choose IVF to have a biological child, they may be less likely to consider adopting an orphan or abandoned child who needs a home. The availability of ART technologies can reduce adoption rates, leaving more orphans without families — a societal concern.(E) Not available in India — FALSE: IVF is widely available in India, with hundreds of specialized IVF clinics and fertility centers across major cities. India is actually one of the global leaders in IVF tourism due to relatively lower costs and high-quality medical care.(F) Possibility that the early embryo does not survive — TRUE: IVF success rates are not 100%. Not all fertilized embryos develop into healthy blastocysts; not all transferred embryos implant successfully; early pregnancy loss (miscarriage) can occur. Success rates per IVF cycle (live birth rate) typically range from 20–40% depending on patient age and other factors. The embryo's failure to survive is a genuine limitation and source of emotional distress for couples.Extended Explanation:Other ART techniques: GIFT (Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer) — gametes transferred to fallopian tube; ZIFT (Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer) — zygote transferred to fallopian tube; IUI (Intrauterine Insemination) — sperm injected into uterus; ICSI (Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection) — single sperm injected directly into egg (used when male infertility is the issue); Surrogacy — a surrogate mother carries the embryo to term. Ethical issues in ART: commodification of reproduction, multiple pregnancies (twins/triplets from multiple embryo transfers), selective reduction of embryos, unused frozen embryos, concerns about genetic screening (PGD — Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis).Key Concepts: IVF drawbacks, expensive instruments (B), less adoption of orphans (D), embryo survival uncertainty (F), IVF availability in India, donor sperm/egg options, ART success rates.

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