Which of the following microbes is NOT involved in the preparation of household products?
A. Aspergi

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Question

Which of the following microbes is NOT involved in the preparation of household products?
A. Aspergillus niger
B. Lactobacillus
C. Trichoderma polysporum
D. Saccharomyces cerevisiae
E. Propionibacterium sharmanii
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
(1) C and E only
(2) A and B only
(3) A and C only
(4) C and D only

Accepted Answer

Correct Answer: C — A and C onlyStep-by-step Solution:Analyzing each microorganism and its primary use:A. Aspergillus niger — NOT a household product microbe: This filamentous fungus is extensively used in the industrial production of citric acid (by submerged fermentation of molasses) and gluconic acid, as well as enzymes like amylase, pectinase, and lipase for industrial applications. It is NOT commonly used in the preparation of household products (like curd, bread, or cheese).B. Lactobacillus — IS used in household products: Lactobacillus species (L. lactis, L. acidophilus, L. bulgaricus) are used in the preparation of curd/yogurt — a common household food product. They ferment lactose to lactic acid, curdling the milk. This is one of the most classic microbe-household product associations.C. Trichoderma polysporum — NOT a household product microbe: This fungus is the source of Cyclosporin A, a potent immunosuppressive drug used to prevent organ transplant rejection. It is a pharmaceutical product, not a household product. Trichoderma species are also used as biocontrol agents in agriculture.D. Saccharomyces cerevisiae — IS used in household products: Baker's yeast (S. cerevisiae) is used in baking (leavening of bread, fermenting CO₂ that makes bread rise) and in brewing beer and wine (fermentation of sugars to alcohol). These are classic household applications.E. Propionibacterium sharmanii — IS used in a food product: Propionibacterium sharmanii (and P. freudenreichii) produce propionic acid and CO₂ during fermentation, which create the characteristic large holes (eyes) and nutty flavor of Swiss cheese (Emmental). Swiss cheese is a food product that could be considered a household/food product.Extended Explanation:Important microbes and their products for NEET: Lactobacillus → curd; Saccharomyces cerevisiae → bread, beer, wine; Acetobacter aceti → vinegar; Aspergillus niger → citric acid (industrial); Trichoderma polysporum → cyclosporin A (immunosuppressant); Monascus purpureus → statins (blood cholesterol lowering); Penicillium notatum → penicillin (antibiotic); Streptococcus → streptokinase (clot buster); Bacillus thuringiensis → Bt toxin (biopesticide). Household products made by microbes include: curd, cheese (various types), bread, beer, wine, vinegar, idli, dosa.Key Concepts: Microbial products, household vs industrial microbes, fermentation, Aspergillus niger (citric acid), Trichoderma (cyclosporin A), Lactobacillus (curd), S. cerevisiae (bread/beer).

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