Given below are two statements :
Statement I : Ferromagnetism is considered as an extreme form of pa

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Question

Given below are two statements :
Statement I : Ferromagnetism is considered as an extreme form of paramagnetism.
Statement II : The number of unpaired electrons in a Cr2+ ion (Z = 24) is the same as that of a Nd3+ ion (Z = 60).
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below :
(1) Statement I is false but Statement II is true
(2) Both Statement I and Statement II are true
(3) Both Statement I and Statement II are false
(4) Statement I is true but Statement II is false

Accepted Answer

Correct Answer: D — Statement I is true but Statement II is falseStep-by-step Solution:Statement I — TRUE: In ferromagnetism, unpaired electrons in adjacent atoms align parallel (spontaneously) within domains due to strong exchange interactions. This is an extreme form of paramagnetism — both arise from unpaired electrons, but ferromagnetism involves cooperative alignment even without an external field.Statement II — FALSE:Cr²⁺ (Z=24): Cr = [Ar] 3d⁵ 4s¹. Cr²⁺ loses 2 electrons from 4s first: [Ar] 3d⁴ → 4 unpaired electronsNd³⁺ (Z=60): Nd = [Xe] 4f⁴ 6s². Nd³⁺ loses 3 electrons: [Xe] 4f³ → 3 unpaired electrons4 ≠ 3 → Statement II is false.Key Concepts:Ferromagnetism: Spontaneous parallel alignment of electron spins in domains. Examples: Fe, Co, Ni.Paramagnetism: Random alignment; aligns parallel to field when applied.Electron configuration for Cr: [Ar] 3d⁵ 4s¹ (anomalous, half-filled 3d stability).

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