Who of the following founded a new city on the south bank of a tributary to river Krishna and undert

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Question

Who of the following founded a new city on the south bank of a tributary to river Krishna and undertook to rule his new kingdom as the agent of a deity to whom all the land south of the river Krishna was supposed to belong?

Accepted Answer

Correct Answer: C — Harihara IStep-by-step Solution:Harihara I (also known as Hakka) was the co-founder (along with his brother Bukka) of the Vijayanagara Empire in 1336. The city of Vijayanagara ('City of Victory') was founded on the south bank of the Tungabhadra River — a major tributary of the Krishna River. This site, near Hampi (in present-day Karnataka), was chosen for its strategic defensibility.The religious/political legitimacy framework: Harihara I and Bukka are said to have converted back to Hinduism (from Islam, during their period as officials of the Hoysala/Kampili kingdoms that had submitted to the Delhi Sultanate) under the guidance of the Shaivite sage Vidyaranya (Madhavacharya). They then undertook to rule as agents of the goddess Pampadevi (or Virupaksha — a form of Shiva), to whom all the land south of the Krishna was supposed to belong. The Vijayanagara kings maintained this tradition of ruling as viceroys/agents of Lord Virupaksha throughout the empire's existence, signing documents as 'son of Virupaksha.'Why other options are incorrect:Option A (Amoghavarsha I): Amoghavarsha I (814-878 CE) was a famous Rashtrakuta king known for his devotion to Jainism and authorship of the Kannada literary work Kavirajamarga. He had no connection to the founding of Vijayanagara in 1336.Option B (Ballala II): Vira Ballala II (r. 1173-1220) was a Hoysala king who expanded Hoysala power. The Hoysalas were predecessors to the Vijayanagara Empire — they were the dominant power in the Deccan before it. Ballala did not found Vijayanagara.Option D (Prataparudra II): Prataparudra II was the last king of the Kakatiya dynasty (r. 1289-1323), whose capital was Warangal (Telangana). The Kakatiyas were defeated by Malik Kafur (Alauddin Khalji's general) in 1310 and again by Ulugh Khan (Muhammad bin Tughluq) in 1323. No connection to Vijayanagara founding.Key Concept: Vijayanagara Empire: founded 1336 by Harihara I and Bukka (Sangama dynasty); capital — Vijayanagara (modern Hampi) on Tungabhadra's south bank; four dynasties — Sangama (1336-1485), Saluva (1485-1505), Tuluva (1505-1570), Aravidu (1570-1646); greatest king — Krishnadevaraya (Tuluva, 1509-29) — poet, administrator, conqueror; defeated at Battle of Talikota (1565) by Deccan Sultanate coalition; Hampi is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site; remarkable for religious tolerance, trade with Portuguese, Telugu and Sanskrit literature, bronze casting, sculpture.

Who of the following founded a new city on the south bank of a tributary to river Krishna and undertook to rule his new kingdom as the agent of a deity to whom all the land south of the river Krishna was supposed to belong?

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Who of the following founded a new city on the south bank of a tributary to river Krishna and undertook to rule his new kingdom as the agent of a deity to whom all the land south of the river Krishna was supposed to belong?

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