Among the following, which were frequently mentioned in the news for the outbreak of Ebola virus rec

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UPSC Prelims is a competitive examination conducted in India. This question is from the 2015 UPSC Prelims Current Affairs paper.

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Question

Among the following, which were frequently mentioned in the news for the outbreak of Ebola virus recently?

Accepted Answer

Correct Answer: B — Guinea, Sierra Leone and LiberiaStep-by-step Solution:The 2013-2016 West African Ebola epidemic was the largest and most complex Ebola outbreak in history. It primarily devastated three West African countries: Guinea, Sierra Leone, and Liberia. The outbreak began in Guinea in December 2013, spread to Sierra Leone and Liberia in early 2014, and was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) by WHO in August 2014. By the time it was declared over in 2016, it had caused over 28,000 cases and approximately 11,000 deaths.Ebola virus disease (EVD) spreads through direct contact with the blood, secretions, organs, or bodily fluids of infected people, or surfaces and materials contaminated with these. The weak healthcare infrastructure of these three poor West African nations made containment extremely challenging. Limited cases were also detected in Mali, Nigeria, Senegal, and even the USA and Spain, but the epidemic was centred on Guinea-Sierra Leone-Liberia.Why other options are incorrect:Option A (Syria and Jordan): Syria and Jordan are Middle Eastern countries dealing with political conflicts. They are not in West Africa and had no significant Ebola outbreak. Syria's crisis involved civil war and cholera/polio outbreaks, not Ebola.Option C (Philippines and Papua New Guinea): These are Southeast Asian/Pacific Island nations. They had no Ebola outbreak. The Philippines occasionally deals with Reston Ebolavirus in pigs (a variant that is non-lethal to humans).Option D (Jamaica, Haiti and Surinam): These are Caribbean/South American nations. Haiti has dealt with cholera outbreaks (post-2010 earthquake). None had Ebola.Key Concept: Ebola virus: first identified in 1976 near the Ebola River in DRC (then Zaire); belongs to the Filoviridae family; causes haemorrhagic fever; natural reservoir — fruit bats (suspected); case fatality rate 25-90%; five species (Zaire, Sudan, Bundibugyo, Taï Forest, Reston); treatment — supportive care, experimental antivirals (Remdesivir); vaccine — rVSV-ZEBOV (Ervebo) approved 2019. WHO's PHEIC declarations: 2009 H1N1 influenza; 2014 Polio; 2014 Ebola West Africa; 2016 Zika; 2019 Ebola DRC; 2020 COVID-19; 2022 Mpox. Guinea-Sierra Leone-Liberia are located in West Africa bordering the Atlantic Ocean.

Among the following, which were frequently mentioned in the news for the outbreak of Ebola virus recently?

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Among the following, which were frequently mentioned in the news for the outbreak of Ebola virus recently?

Master UPSC Prelims with Our Test Series

More Questions from Health & Pharmaceuticals – Vaccines, Drugs & Disease Control

Frequently Asked Questions