Who among the following were the founders of the "Hind Mazdoor Sabha" established in 1948?

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Question

Who among the following were the founders of the "Hind Mazdoor Sabha" established in 1948?

Accepted Answer

Correct Answer: D — Ashok Mehta, T.S. Ramanujan and G.G. MehtaStep-by-step Solution:The Hind Mazdoor Sabha (HMS) was founded on December 24, 1948, at Howrah (West Bengal). It was established by socialist, Forward Bloc-aligned, and independent trade unionists who wanted to create a third force in Indian trade unionism — distinct from both the INTUC (perceived as too close to the Congress government) and the AITUC (dominated by the Communist Party).The key founders of HMS included: Ashok Mehta (who became its first General Secretary — a prominent socialist leader), T.S. Ramanujan, G.G. Mehta, Basawan Singh (Sinha), R.S. Ruikar (who became the first President), Mani Benkara, Shibnath Banerjee, R.K. Khedgikar, and V.S. Mathur. HMS absorbed the Royist Indian Federation of Labour and the Socialist Hind Mazdoor Panchayat.HMS stood for independence of trade unions from government, employers, and political parties — a principle that distinguished it from INTUC (linked to Congress) and AITUC (linked to CPI).Why other options are incorrect:Option A (B. Krishna Pillai, E.M.S. Namboodiripad, K.C. George): These are prominent Kerala Communist leaders — they were associated with the Kerala communist movement, not with HMS founding.Option B (Jayaprakash Narayan, Deen Dayal Upadhyay, M.N. Roy): JP Narayan was a socialist but became active in HMS later; Deen Dayal Upadhyay was the RSS/Jana Sangh ideologue — unconnected to HMS; M.N. Roy was a communist-turned-radical humanist, associated with the Indian Federation of Labour (predecessor body absorbed by HMS) but not a primary HMS founder in the same grouping.Option C (C.P. Ramaswamy Iyer, K. Kamaraj, Veeresalingam Pantulu): These are Tamil Nadu political figures — Ramaswamy Iyer was Diwan of Travancore; Kamaraj was a Congress leader; Veeresalingam was a 19th-century social reformer — none connected to HMS founding.Key Concept: Major central trade union organisations in India: INTUC (Indian National Trade Union Congress) — affiliated to Congress, est. 1947; AITUC (All India Trade Union Congress) — oldest, CPI-linked, est. 1920; HMS (Hind Mazdoor Sabha) — socialist/independent, est. 1948; CITU (Centre of Indian Trade Unions) — CPI(M) linked, est. 1970; BMS (Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh) — RSS-affiliated, est. 1955. Current largest: BMS.

Who among the following were the founders of the "Hind Mazdoor Sabha" established in 1948?

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Who among the following were the founders of the "Hind Mazdoor Sabha" established in 1948?

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