Consider the following statements:It is expected that Majorana 1 chip will enable quantum computing.

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UPSC Prelims is a competitive examination conducted in India. This question is from the 2025 UPSC Prelims Science & Technology paper.

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Question

Consider the following statements:It is expected that Majorana 1 chip will enable quantum computing.Majorana 1 chip has been introduced by Amazon Web Services (AWS).Deep learning is a subset of machine learning.Which of the statements given above are correct?

Accepted Answer

Correct Answer: C - I and III onlyStep-by-step Solution:Statement I - Majorana 1 chip will enable quantum computing: This is correct. Microsoft unveiled the Majorana 1 chip in early 2025, designed around topological qubits based on Majorana fermions. Topological qubits are theoretically more stable than conventional superconducting or photonic qubits because they store quantum information non-locally, making them inherently more resistant to decoherence and errors. Microsoft's goal is to achieve scalable, fault-tolerant quantum computing using this chip architecture. ✓Statement II - Majorana 1 chip has been introduced by Amazon Web Services (AWS): This is incorrect. The Majorana 1 chip was developed and announced by Microsoft, not Amazon Web Services. AWS has its own quantum computing initiative called Amazon Braket and has partnered with various quantum hardware providers, but the Majorana 1 chip is Microsoft's proprietary development. ✗Statement III - Deep learning is a subset of machine learning: This is correct. The relationship is hierarchical: Artificial Intelligence (AI) ⊃ Machine Learning (ML) ⊃ Deep Learning (DL). Deep learning uses multi-layered artificial neural networks to learn representations from data, and it is a specific subset of machine learning techniques. ✓Why other options are incorrect:Option A (I and II only): Incorrect. Statement II is false - Majorana 1 is from Microsoft, not AWS.Option B (II and III only): Incorrect. Statement II is false.Option D (I, II and III): Incorrect. Statement II is false.Key Concept: Quantum computing uses quantum mechanical phenomena - superposition, entanglement, and interference - to process information. Key qubit technologies include: Superconducting qubits (IBM, Google), Trapped-ion qubits (IonQ, Honeywell), Photonic qubits (PsiQuantum), Topological qubits (Microsoft - Majorana 1). The AI/ML hierarchy: AI (broader goal of machine intelligence) → Machine Learning (systems that learn from data) → Deep Learning (multi-layer neural networks). India's National Quantum Mission (NQM, 2023-2031) has a budget of ₹6,003 crore to develop quantum computers, communications, and sensing technologies.

Consider the following statements:It is expected that Majorana 1 chip will enable quantum computing.Majorana 1 chip has been introduced by Amazon Web Services (AWS).Deep learning is a subset of machine learning.Which of the statements given above are correct?

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Consider the following statements:It is expected that Majorana 1 chip will enable quantum computing.Majorana 1 chip has been introduced by Amazon Web Services (AWS).Deep learning is a subset of machine learning.Which of the statements given above are correct?

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