With reference to Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), consider the following statements:All types of UA

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Question

With reference to Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), consider the following statements:All types of UAVs can do vertical landing.All types of UAVs can do automated hovering.All types of UAVs can use battery only as a source of power supply.How many of the statements given above are correct?

Accepted Answer

Correct Answer: D - NoneStep-by-step Solution:UAVs are aircraft operated without a human pilot onboard. They encompass a wide variety of aerodynamic configurations, and blanket statements about all types are generally incorrect.Statement I - All types of UAVs can do vertical landing: This is incorrect. Fixed-wing UAVs (which resemble conventional aircraft) require a runway or a catapult for takeoff and a runway, net, or belly landing for recovery. They cannot perform vertical landing. Only rotary-wing UAVs (multirotors, helicopters) and VTOL (Vertical Take-Off and Landing) hybrid UAVs are capable of vertical landing. Since fixed-wing UAVs form a major category, the statement that all types can do vertical landing is false. ✗Statement II - All types of UAVs can do automated hovering: This is incorrect. Fixed-wing UAVs rely on forward motion and aerodynamic lift to stay airborne; they cannot hover. Hovering requires the ability to generate lift independent of horizontal velocity, which only rotary-wing and VTOL configurations can achieve. ✗Statement III - All types of UAVs can use battery only as a source of power supply: This is incorrect. While small multirotors commonly use lithium polymer (LiPo) batteries, larger fixed-wing UAVs such as military drones use jet fuel, aviation gasoline, or heavy fuel engines. Solar-powered UAVs (e.g., Airbus Zephyr) use solar panels with battery storage. Hydrogen fuel cell UAVs also exist. Thus, batteries are not the sole power source for all types. ✗Why other options are incorrect:Option A (Only one): Incorrect. None of the three statements is universally true for all UAV types.Option B (Only two): Incorrect. Same reason - none of the statements holds true for all UAV categories.Option C (All the three): Incorrect. All three statements have clear exceptions when applied universally to all UAV types.Key Concept: UAVs are broadly classified into: (1) Fixed-wing UAVs - aerodynamically efficient for long range but need forward motion; (2) Rotary-wing UAVs - multirotors (quadcopters, hexacopters) capable of hover and VTOL; (3) Fixed-wing VTOL hybrids - combine benefits of both; (4) Flapping-wing UAVs (ornithopters). Power sources range from electric batteries and internal combustion engines to solar cells and hydrogen fuel cells. India's UAV ecosystem is regulated by the Drone Rules 2021 under the DGCA, and the PLI Scheme for Drones (2021) promotes domestic manufacturing.

With reference to Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), consider the following statements:All types of UAVs can do vertical landing.All types of UAVs can do automated hovering.All types of UAVs can use battery only as a source of power supply.How many of the statements given above are correct?

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With reference to Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), consider the following statements:All types of UAVs can do vertical landing.All types of UAVs can do automated hovering.All types of UAVs can use battery only as a source of power supply.How many of the statements given above are correct?

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