Flippers of Penguins and Dolphins are examples of:

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NEET is a competitive examination conducted in India. This question is from the 2020 NEET Biology paper.

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Question

Flippers of Penguins and Dolphins are examples of:

Accepted Answer

Correct Answer: A — Convergent evolutionSolution:Convergent evolution is the process by which unrelated organisms independently evolve similar traits (analogous structures) in response to similar environmental conditions or functional demands. Penguins (class Aves) and dolphins (class Mammalia) belong to entirely different vertebrate classes and have unrelated ancestors, yet both have evolved flippers for efficient movement in an aquatic environment. These flippers are analogous structures: similar in function and external appearance but different in origin and detailed anatomy.Why other options are incorrect:B (Industrial melanism): Refers to the darkening of coloration in moths (e.g., Biston betularia) in industrial areas due to pollution and natural selection. Not related to flipper evolution.C (Natural selection): Natural selection is the mechanism that drives evolution; it is a process, not a specific evolutionary pattern. Convergent evolution is the result (pattern) observed.D (Adaptive radiation): Refers to the diversification of a single ancestral species into many different forms to exploit various ecological niches (e.g., Darwin's finches). It produces divergent structures (homologous), not convergent ones.Key Concept: Convergent evolution: unrelated organisms evolve similar (analogous) structures independently in response to similar environments. Example: flippers of penguins and dolphins; wings of bats and insects; eyes of vertebrates and octopus.

Flippers of Penguins and Dolphins are examples of:

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Flippers of Penguins and Dolphins are examples of:

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