Which of the following statements is/are true of the Fundamental Duties of an Indian citizen?A legis

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UPSC Prelims is a competitive examination conducted in India. This question is from the 2017 UPSC Prelims Indian Polity & Governance paper.

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Question

Which of the following statements is/are true of the Fundamental Duties of an Indian citizen?A legislative process has been provided to enforce these duties.They are correlative to legal duties.Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Accepted Answer

Correct Answer: D — Neither 1 nor 2Solution:Statement 1 — A legislative process has been provided to enforce Fundamental Duties: This is incorrect. Like the Directive Principles of State Policy, Fundamental Duties are non-justiciable — the Constitution does not provide any direct mechanism for their judicial enforcement. There is no legislative process that enforces these duties. There is also no legal sanction against their violation. They are moral obligations of citizens rather than legally enforceable rights. ✗Statement 2 — Fundamental Duties are correlative to legal duties: This is incorrect. Fundamental Duties are not correlative to legal duties. They are constitutional provisions added by the 42nd Amendment Act (1976) on the recommendation of the Swaran Singh Committee. While they are correlative to Fundamental Rights in a philosophical sense (every right carries a corresponding duty), they are not legally enforceable duties in the way that legal duties under statutory law are. ✗Why other options are incorrect:Options A, B, C: Both statements are factually wrong.Key Concept: Fundamental Duties are enumerated in Article 51A of the Indian Constitution (Part IV-A), inserted by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment (1976). Originally 10 in number, an 11th duty was added by the 86th Amendment (2002) — to provide education opportunities to children between 6–14 years. Fundamental Duties were inspired by the Soviet Constitution and the recommendation of the Swaran Singh Committee. Though non-justiciable, courts have used them as interpretive aids — for example, in upholding environmental laws by referencing the duty to protect the environment (Article 51A(g)). The Verma Committee (1999) on Fundamental Duties noted that many duties are already backed by existing laws (e.g., the duty to preserve cultural heritage is supported by the Ancient Monuments Act).

Which of the following statements is/are true of the Fundamental Duties of an Indian citizen?A legislative process has been provided to enforce these duties.They are correlative to legal duties.Select the correct answer using the code given below:

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Which of the following statements is/are true of the Fundamental Duties of an Indian citizen?A legislative process has been provided to enforce these duties.They are correlative to legal duties.Select the correct answer using the code given below:

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