Who among the following was/were associated with the introduction of Ryotwari Settlement in India du

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Question

Who among the following was/were associated with the introduction of Ryotwari Settlement in India during the British Rule?Lord CornwallisAlexander ReadThomas MunroSelect the correct answer using the code given below:

Accepted Answer

Correct Answer: C — 2 and 3 onlySolution:Lord Cornwallis (Statement 1): Lord Cornwallis was the Governor-General associated with the Permanent Settlement (Zamindari System) introduced in Bengal in 1793. He fixed the land revenue permanently with Zamindars. He has no connection with the Ryotwari Settlement. ✗Captain Alexander Read (Statement 2): This is correct. Captain Alexander Read was a military officer who first experimented with the Ryotwari system on a small scale in some areas taken over after the wars with Tipu Sultan in South India. He is credited with the initial implementation that laid the foundation for Ryotwari. ✓Thomas Munro (Statement 3): This is correct. Thomas Munro subsequently developed and expanded the Ryotwari system and it was gradually extended over most of South India under his administration. He is the primary figure associated with formalising the Ryotwari settlement as a comprehensive system. ✓Why other options are incorrect:Options A, B, D: All include Lord Cornwallis, who is associated with the Permanent Settlement — not Ryotwari.Key Concept: British India had three major land revenue systems: (1) Permanent/Zamindari Settlement (1793) — Bengal, Bihar, Orissa — under Cornwallis; revenues fixed permanently with zamindars; (2) Ryotwari Settlement — Madras (South India) and Bombay — initiated by Read, developed by Munro and later extended by Elphinstone; revenues settled directly with individual cultivating peasants (ryots); (3) Mahalwari Settlement — North India, UP, Punjab — introduced by Holt Mackenzie and modified by R. Martin Bird; revenues settled with village communities (mahals). These systems had profoundly different impacts on agrarian structure, peasant rights, and the emergence of landlordism in colonial India.

Who among the following was/were associated with the introduction of Ryotwari Settlement in India during the British Rule?Lord CornwallisAlexander ReadThomas MunroSelect the correct answer using the code given below:

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Who among the following was/were associated with the introduction of Ryotwari Settlement in India during the British Rule?Lord CornwallisAlexander ReadThomas MunroSelect the correct answer using the code given below:

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