In India, why are some nuclear reactors kept under "IAEA Safeguards" while others are not?

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UPSC Prelims is a competitive examination conducted in India. This question is from the 2020 UPSC Prelims Current Affairs paper.

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Question

In India, why are some nuclear reactors kept under "IAEA Safeguards" while others are not?

Accepted Answer

Correct Answer: B — Some use imported uranium and others use domestic supplies.Step-by-step Solution:As part of the Indo‑US nuclear deal (2008) and the separation plan, India placed its civilian nuclear reactors (those using imported fuel) under IAEA safeguards. Reactors using indigenous uranium (from domestic mines) remain outside safeguards. Currently, 14 reactors out of 22 are under IAEA safeguards. ✓Why other options are incorrect:Option A: Thorium‑based reactors are under development (e.g., KAMINI) but not the primary distinction for safeguards.Option C: All nuclear reactors are operated by NPCIL (public sector).Option D: All are state‑owned.Key Concept: IAEA safeguards verify that nuclear materials are not diverted for military purposes. India has a safeguards agreement with the IAEA (2009). India imports uranium from Russia, Kazakhstan, and Canada.

In India, why are some nuclear reactors kept under "IAEA Safeguards" while others are not?

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In India, why are some nuclear reactors kept under "IAEA Safeguards" while others are not?

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